Design & UI

Make interfaces that look intentional and premium, not template-generic. This is the single biggest quality lever in the app builder. Apply it to DOM / overlay UI — pages, chrome, HUD, menus, forms. (For a 3D game's gameplay canvas, see the building-games skill; this skill governs the DOM UI layered over it.)

Read references/ for depth (loaded on demand — don't inline it all):

• references/refined-ui.md — the full product-chrome/overlay design system.
• references/typography.md — type scale, pairing, rhythm.
• references/surfaces.md — elevation, borders, shadows, layering.
• references/animations.md — motion, easing, transitions.
• references/performance.md — keep UI smooth (60fps, no jank).

1. Design-system-first (do this before styling anything)

Define the system once, then compose from it. Never sprinkle ad-hoc values.

• Tokens in CSS (Tailwind v4 is CSS-first). Put the palette, radii, and fonts in src/styles.css under @theme as CSS variables; consume them as Tailwind utilities. One source of truth.

  @import "tailwindcss";
  @theme {
    --color-bg: #0b0b0f;      --color-surface: #16161d;
    --color-fg: #e7e7ea;      --color-muted: #a0a0ab;
    --color-primary: #14b8a6; --color-border: #26262f;
    --radius: 0.75rem;        --font-sans: "Inter", system-ui, sans-serif;
  }
  

• Use shadcn/ui components (Radix primitives + cva variants + tailwind-merge) for buttons, dialogs, dropdowns, inputs, etc. They're accessible and consistent. Generate them into src/components/ui; style via tokens, not inline hex.
• Tailwind v4 base fix — buttons need a pointer cursor. v4's Preflight makes <button> use cursor: default, which feels broken. Add this once in src/styles.css so buttons/clickable roles show a pointer:

  @layer base {
    button:not(:disabled),
    [role="button"]:not(:disabled) { cursor: pointer; }
  }
  

• Ban ad-hoc styling: no raw hex in JSX, no text-white/bg-black literals, no arbitrary values like p-[16px] or text-[13px]. If you need a value, it becomes a token or a scale step.

2. The quantified rubric (cheap rules that prevent "ugly")

• ≤ 3–5 colors total (one primary + neutrals + at most one accent). No random extra hues. Don't default to purple unless asked.
• ≤ 2 font families (often one). Pair a display/heading with a body, or use one.
• Line-height 1.4–1.6 for body; tighter for large headings.
• When you override a background color, override the foreground/text color too (contrast must hold — check both light and dark).
• Mobile-first: design the ~390px layout first, then scale up. No horizontal overflow; tap targets ≥ 44px.
• Consistent spacing scale (4/8-based). Generous whitespace beats cramming.
• One accent, used sparingly for primary actions — not everywhere.

3. Anti-AI-slop (the tells that make output look generic — avoid)

• No gradient-blob filler, no giant hero gradients as a substitute for content.
• No emoji as icons — use a real icon set (lucide-react).
• No hand-drawn SVG illustrations/maps/charts — use real libraries (recharts for charts) or real generated images.
• No placeholder images / lorem-gray boxes in the final product — generate real images or use real content; set crossOrigin="anonymous" on canvas images.
• Avoid the overused-font look (default system-only, or Comic Sans-tier picks).
• Every element earns its place. Cut decorative noise. Establish a system, then vary with intent — not randomness.
• Match the existing UI when editing an app in place; don't introduce a second visual language.

4. Layout & hierarchy

• Clear visual hierarchy: one primary action per view; size/weight/color express importance. See references/typography.md and references/surfaces.md.
• Use real layout structure (grid/flex, container max-widths), not absolute-position hacks. Align to a consistent grid.
• Empty states, loading states, and error states are part of the design — don't ship blank/janky intermediate states.

5. Motion (subtle, purposeful)

• Short, eased transitions (150–250ms) on hover/press/enter; respect prefers-reduced-motion. Details in references/animations.md.
• Never animate layout in a way that causes jank; prefer transform/opacity.

6. Game overlays (when this pairs with building-games)

The gameplay canvas is owned by building-games. This skill styles the DOM overlay: start/"click to play" screen, HUD, score, menus, pause, mobile controls. Keep overlay readable over the canvas (backdrop, contrast), and keep it out of the pointer-lock/gameplay input path.

Finish checklist (before you call UI done)

• Tokens defined in @theme; no ad-hoc hex / arbitrary values in JSX.
• ≤ 5 colors, ≤ 2 fonts, consistent spacing scale.
• Contrast holds; foreground overridden wherever background is.
• Mobile (~390px) has no overflow; targets ≥ 44px.
• Real icons/images/charts — none of the anti-slop tells.
• Loading/empty/error states handled; motion subtle and reduced-motion-safe.
• Rendered and eyeballed in a browser (see AGENTS.md verification), not just curl.